Was of particular interest because it is identified to play AF initiation [204]. as it is known to playaamajor role in triggered activity involved in AF initiation [204]. main function in triggered Accordingly, INCX measured as Nickel-sensitive current was compared amongst male and Accordingly, INCX measured as Nickel-sensitive existing was compared among male and female atrial myocytes. Results reported in Figure show that the density of INCX was 54 female atrial myocytes. Outcomes reported in Figure four four show that the density of INCX was bigger in males (at (at mV: 1.33 0.16 0.16 pA/pF, n = = 3) compared to females (0.86 54 larger in males+50 +50 mV: 1.33 pA/pF, n = 19, N 19, N = 3) in comparison with females0.07 pA/pF, n = 13, N = 3; = = 3; p Consistently, NCX1 mRNA and protein expression (0.86 0.07 pA/pF, n = 13,pN 0.002).SOD2/Mn-SOD Protein supplier = 0.002). Regularly, NCX1 mRNA and protein was substantially higher in atrial tissues of males than females, as females, by quantitative expression was drastically larger in atrial tissues of males than assessed as assessed by polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) (27 , p = (27 , p = Western Western blot analysis quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)0.009) and0.009) andblot evaluation (63 , p = (63 , p = 0.01). 0.01).Int. J.J.Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, x10724 PEER Assessment Int. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, FOR6 six of18 ofA2 pA/pFBaseline + Ni2+2 pA/pFNi2+-sensitive current (INCX)500 ms500 ms80 mV 0 mVsINCX (pA/pF)0 mV 20 mV1.1.0.Males FemalesV (mV)00 0 0 0 0 20..BCNCX1 GAPDH2.0 2.MalesFemales110 kDa 37 kDa1.NCX1 relative protein expressionMales FemalesSlc8a1 relative mRNA expression1.1.1.0.0.0.0.MalesFemalesFigure four. Higher IINCX and NCX1 expression in maleatria than in females. (A) Prime left: Typical Figure four. Larger NCX and NCX1 expression in male atria than in females. (A) Top rated left: Standard recording in baseline conditions (black) and following inhibition of NCX1 with 55 mM NiCl (grey). recording in baseline conditions (black) and following inhibition of NCX1 with mM NiCl (grey). Voltage protocol is shown in inset. Leading proper: Standard example in the nickel-sensitive subtracted Voltage protocol is shown in inset.B2M/Beta-2 microglobulin, Human (119a.a, HEK293, His) Top rated suitable: Typical example of your nickel-sensitive subtracted INCX.PMID:35991869 Dotted line represents the zero-current. Bottom: Imply IV curves of IINCX show bigger present INCX . Dotted line represents the zero-current. Bottom: Imply IV curves of NCX show bigger present density in males than females ( p 0.05 from +20 to +50 mV; M: n = 189, N = three; F: n = 13, N = 3). density in males than females ( p 0.05 from +20 to +50 mV; M: n = 189, N = 3; F: n = 13, N = 3). (B) Scatter plot shows a greater mRNA expression of Slc8a1 (coding for NCX1) in males than in (B) Scatter plot shows a larger mRNA expression of Slc8a1 (coding for NCX1) in males than in females (M: 1.27 0.07, n = six; F: 1.00 0.05, n = 7; p = 0.009). (C) Western blot of NCX1 in male and females (M: 1.27 0.07, n respective 0.05, control GAPDH. (C) Western evaluation revealed a female left atria and their = six; F: 1.00 loading n = 7; p = 0.009).Densitometryblot of NCX1 in male and female left atria and their respective loading n = four; F: 1.00 0.14, n = 4; 2 left evaluation revealed greater expression of NCX1 in males (M: 1.63 0.10,manage GAPDH. Densitometryatria/n; p = 0.01). a greater p 0.01 of NCX1 in males (M: 1.63 0.ten, n = four; F: 1.00 0.14, n = four; two left atria/n; p 0.05, expression p = 0.01). p 0.05, p 0.Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23,7 of2.5. Sex Difference in L-Type Ca2+ Current (ICaL ).