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Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms are a well-studied electro-chemically active biofilm method that utilizes conductive elements to respire on electrodes (Bond and Lovley, 2003; Reguera et al., 2005). The conductivity of G.sulfurreducens biofilms plus the mechanism of conduction through the biofilm are novel concepts which deserve attention in order to fully grasp the electrophysiology of microbially driven electrochemical systems where2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Corresponding author: H. Beyenal; tele1-509-334-0896; 1-509-335-4806; beyenalwsu.edu.Babuta and BeyenalPageelectrons travel lengthy distances to reach the electrode (N-type calcium channel site Malvankar et al., 2012b; Snider et al., 2012). One of several additional recent tools applied to analyze the conductivity or electron transfer capability of G.sulfurreducens biofilms is electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS measures the impedance response of the biofilm to smaller AC perturbations in polarization prospective. We refer to the impedance response as the biofilm impedance. EIS has been used to monitor the biofilm impedance of G.sulfurreducens biofilms more than time both in anodic half-cells as well as in PKCĪ¼ manufacturer microbial fuel cells. EIS was also utilised to compare the conductivities of diverse strains of G.sulfurreducens biofilms (Malvankar et al., 2012b). Even so, EIS won’t discriminate involving electron transfer impedances and mass transfer impedances inside the overall biofilm impedance. To create correct measurements of electron transfer resistance, mass transfer resistance have to be accounted for and decoupled. However, as a result of conductive nature of G.sulfurreducens biofilms, limited facts can be discovered around the value of mass transfer resistances when employing EIS. Many cases of mass transfer processes could limit the electron transfer capabilities of G.sulfurreducens biofilms because it was lately discovered that mass transfer is severely restricted by the dense layers of cells packed inside (Renslow et al., 2013). The mass transfer limitation could take the type of: electron donor not penetrating the whole of your biofilm, protons generated by electrode-respiration accumulating inside the biofilm and inhibiting respiration, or more commonly counter-ion fluxes limiting the electron flux by way of the biofilm. A mini-review not too long ago put forth covers the topic of mass transfer in biofilms as an essential, non-negligible aspect from the biofilm mode of life (Stewart, 2012). To ascertain if such mass transfer limitations existed in G.sulfurreducens biofilms and how it could manifest inside the biofilm impedance measured with EIS, we necessary an electrochemical program that could enhance mass transfer (i.e., convection) in and around the biofilm. Electrochemical systems utilised to assess the role of mass transfer processes are usually a variant of a flow cell exactly where flow velocity is varied, a rotating electrode exactly where rotation rate is varied, or an impinging jet electrode. A flow cell setup has been employed to characterize the oxygen reduction capabilities of cathodic biofilms on biocathodes (Ter Heijne et al., 2011). A rotating disk electrode setup has been used to measure the thickness of river water biofilms (Bouletreau et al., two.