Ensity was 0.39 g/cm3 .Table 1. Chemical composition of flay ash and
Ensity was 0.39 g/cm3 .Table 1. Chemical composition of flay ash and microspheres. Fly Ash Element Mg Al Si P S K Ca Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga As Br Rb Sr Y Zr Ag Sn Ba Pb Conc., 0.658 18.10 35.53 0.748 1.035 9.383 6.434 2.819 0.115 0.076 0.224 21.29 0.094 0.058 0.042 0.083 0.011 0.004 0.004 0.035 0.074 0.006 0.032 0.065 0.003 0.021 0.043 Oxide MgO Al2 O3 SiO2 P2 O5 SO3 Cl K2 O CaO TiO2 V2 O5 Cr2 O3 MnO Fe2 O3 Co3 O4 NiO CuO ZnO Ga2 O3 GeO2 Br Rb2 O SrO Y2 O 3 ZrO2 Nb2 O5 Ag2 O SnO2 BaO HgO As2 O3 Conc., 1.464 27.38 52.31 0.880 1.201 0.000 4.153 2.954 1.409 0.058 0.033 0.078 7.916 0.030 0.015 0.011 0.022 0.003 0.000 0.001 0.008 0.018 0.002 0.009 0.001 0.015 0.001 0.006 0.009 0.001 Element O Si Al Ca Fe Ti P K Na As Ba Mg Sr F Zr Cl Mn S Cu Y Cr Ga Zn Pb Rb Microspheres Conc., 49.30 24.69 21.12 1.016 0.984 0.728 0.443 0.416 0.344 0.246 0.237 0.165 0.101 0.076 0.032 0.029 0.026 0.013 0.008 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 Oxide Na2 O MgO Al2 O3 SiO2 P2 O5 SO3 K2O CaO TiO2 Cr2 O3 MnO Fe2 O3 CuO ZnO Ga2 O3 As2 O3 Rb2 O SrO Y2 O3 ZrO2 BaO PbO F Cl Conc., 0.464 0.274 39.91 52.83 1.017 0.032 0.502 1.421 1.215 0.006 0.033 1.407 0.010 0.004 0.005 0.325 0.002 0.119 0.006 0.044 0.264 0.002 0.076 0.030 -2.2. PUR Foams Formulation Polyurethane (PUR) rigid foams had been ready applying the two-component commercial method EKOPRODUR PM4032 (PCC Rokita S.A., Brzeg Dolny, Poland). Each components, polyol and LY294002 In Vivo isocyanate (weight ratio one hundred:120), were mixed employing a mechanical stirrer (4500 rpm for 1 min) and cast into rectangular mold dimensions of 20 20 5 cm, then left under a fume hood for the polymerization reaction to terminate. Immediately after 48 h of setting, foams have been removed in the molds and left under the fume hood for a further 5 days (to get rid of the unreacted isocyanate element). In the initially stage of formulation, the proportionate SBP-3264 medchemexpress amounts (five, 10, 15, and 20 wt. ) with the filler (FA or M) were added to the polyol component and then mixed with isocyanate. The composite foam samples had been labelled as PUR + FA5, PUR + FA10, PUR + FA15, PUR + FA20, PUR + M5, PUR + M10, PUR + M15 and PUR + M20. 2.three. PUR Foams Traits The morphology from the cellular PUR structure was analyzed using the optical microscope Keyence VHX-900F (Keyence, Osaka, Japan). PUR foam samples had been prepared by cutting into regular cuboids with dimensions 5 five 0.5 cm. Optical microphotographs were registered from distinctive places of each sample. Pictures have been analyzed utilizing theMaterials 2021, 14,five ofImageJ (version 1.48v) free application. Horizontal and vertical Feret diameters characterizing the cellular PUR matrix structure have been measured. Average values of diameters, together with standard deviations, were calculated from 500 counts. Other parameters measured had been strut thickness (average and SD values of 500 counts) and also a closed cells’ per cent. Extra observations have been performed working with the scanning electron microscope, SEM (Nova NanoSEM 200; FEI Corporation, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA). The cubic samples with dimensions 0.five 0.5 0.5 cm, then coated with gold and observed with all the acceleration of ten kV. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was made use of to define the molecular structure of foams. IR spectra were registered on Tensor 27 spectrometer (Bruker Optics, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA), operating with OPUS 7.2 computer software. Spectra have been collected in the mid area of 400000 cm-1 just after 64 scans at four cm-1 resolution in absorbance mode working with the KBr pellet technique. Supplies a.