Ynergy with wireless/wired telecommunication technologies for instance xDSL and WLAN, a popular networking infrastructure was realized. Furthermore, an architecture and optimization framework that enables the detection of optimum operating situations within a converged 5G infrastructure was presented in [33]. The work considered a common transport network in which optical and wireless network sections with computing/storage domains are integrated. Additionally, the proposed optimization framework assists in the identification on the processing modules and optimal mix from the optical and wireless transport network technologies which are essential for CFT8634 MedChemExpress supporting 5G BH and FH services in a cost-effective and energy-efficient manner. It was also demonstrated that with a suitable choice of transport network technologies and appropriate BBU functions allocation to proper compute modules, the technique utilization might be enhanced and relatively greater power efficiency can be realized. To meet the reasonably higher throughput needs inside the 5G networks, a set of multicast strategies that may be employed for fixed and mobile optical wireless backhaul in such networks were presented in [34]. In an effort to attend towards the conventional fixed backhaul limitations, a dynamic integrated satellite-terrestrial backhaul network primarily based on the mm-wave band was proposed in [35]. The perform was on YTX-465 Cancer seamless integration with the satellite along with the terrestrial backhaul segments and exploitation of software-defined intelligent hybrid network management for the topology reconfiguration in accordance together with the website traffic demands. 1.1.2. Enabling Technologies A overview with the emerging optical access network schemes for supporting 5G wireless applications was provided in [24]. The work focused around the achievement of a low-latency, high-capacity, low-cost, too as low-power per bit network. To attain this, advanced modulation and detection schemes had been thought of in conjunction with the tailored digital signalAppl. Sci. 2021, 11,four ofprocessing (DSP). Furthermore, implies of improving the network overall performance with efficient fronthaul schemes were deliberated. Moreover, the envisioned massive broadband connections along with the associated traffic will not only result in stringent demands on the transport networks concerning an end-toend latency and bandwidth, but may also cause considerable complexity inside the radio access network (RAN). To address these, some analysis efforts on disruptive scheme concerning RAN functional split have been reported inside the literature. In [5,8,11,23,25,27,368], RAN split alternatives had been studied in conjunction with the associated transport specifications, and some suggestions concerning a cost-effective option for lower-layer and higher-layer RAN split solutions had been given. Moreover, to enable the MNOs networks to provide positive aspects like high flexibility, scalability, reliability, efficiency, and low complexity, there is utmost will need to get a transition from the vendor-specific, hardware-based towards the software-based network functionalities. Additionally, when software-defined network functions are exploited, the underlining network might be capable to meet the increasing improve in on-demand solutions effectively and cost-effectively. Within this point of view, the architectural challenges and viable solutions like software-defined networking (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV), and SDNenabled NFV solutions have been discussed in [49]. The positive aspects of SDN in addressing the standard space-based netwo.