Tps://doi.org/10.3390/ molecules26216470 Academic Editor: Charng-Cherng Chyau Received: 30 September 2021 Accepted: 22 October 2021 Published: 27 OctoberAbstract: Haematococcus pluvialis, a green microalga, appears to be a wealthy source of useful bioactive compounds, for example astaxanthin, carotenoids, proteins, lutein, and fatty acids (FAs). Astaxanthin features a range of health advantages and is utilised within the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Astaxanthin, by way of example, preserves the redox state and functional integrity of mitochondria and shows advantages JPH203 Autophagy despite a low dietary intake. Due to the fact of its antioxidant capacity, astaxanthin has not too long ago piqued the interest of researchers because of its possible pharmacological effects, which include things like anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, at the same time as neuro-, cardiovascular-, ocular, and skin-protective properties. Astaxanthin is often a well-known nutritional ingredient along with a substantial component in animal and aquaculture feed. In depth studies over the last two decades have established the mechanism by which persistent oxidative pressure leads to chronic inflammation, which then mediates the majority of serious illnesses. This mini-review offers an overview of contemporary research that tends to make use from the astaxanthin pigment. This mini-review supplies insight in to the possible of H. pluvialis as a potent antioxidant in the market, also as the broad range of applications for astaxanthin molecules as a potent antioxidant within the industrial sector. Key phrases: Haematococcus pluvialis; bioactive compounds; astaxanthin; antioxidant bioactivity; well being benefitsPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.1. Introduction Haematococcus pluvialis is a unicellular freshwater microalga that is a promising supply of bioactive substances, for instance carotenoids, proteins, and fatty acids (FAs), particularly astaxanthin, a effective antioxidant [1]. Despite the fact that you can find many organisms capable of creating astaxanthin, only a modest quantity of these organisms are commercially cultivated. Among the commercially potential microalgae, H. pluvialis is recognized to be on the list of richest sources of all-natural astaxanthin since it can accumulate significant quantities of astaxanthin when compared with other organisms [2]. Astaxanthin, also known as 3,3 -dihydroxycarotene-4,four -dione, is usually a secondary carotenoid with a brilliant blood-red colour that will be directly generated by applying cellular stressors to H. pluvialis [3]. Through the life cycle of H. pluvialis cells, ultra-structural alterations take place when the cells transition from green to red. The chemical composition on the cellular substance evolves too. Based on dryCopyright: 2021 by the authors. Mouse Cancer Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access report distributed below the terms and circumstances on the Inventive Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).Molecules 2021, 26, 6470. https://doi.org/10.3390/moleculeshttps://www.mdpi.com/journal/moleculesMolecules 2021, 26,2 ofbiomass weight (DBW), throughout the “green phase,” as much as 1 lutein and total lipid content varies from 205, whereas the “red phase” content 327 of lipids and deposit 1 of astaxanthin [4]. Compounds having a higher value-added, for example astaxanthin, lutein, and carotene, also as fatty acids, deliver several health positive aspects. Astaxanthin and lutein are two carotenoids th.