Agement, and it can be a lot more prevalent in creating countries. That is as a result of the migration of rural male laborers for off-farm operate. Feminization has affected rural households’ decisions, and they are inclined to adopt labor-saving technologies (LSTs) and less inclined to adopt labor-intense technologies in forest production. As a result of the new technology adopted, new seedlings technologies increases the non-timber forest products (NTFP) outputs due primarily to the (-)-Cyclopenol In Vivo larger high quality of seeds, and that it demands less labor input than the other two labor-saving technologies. Government supportive policies can improve households’ adoption of new technologies; the subsidies are for machinery and seedling purchases and continued SBFI-AM site investment in forest production.Non-timberChina [56]Non-timber productsForests 2021, 12,16 ofArticleSynanthropic Approach Evaluation (with Elements Affecting Propensity to Parasitism) and Host Variety within the Genus Ganoderma in Central EuropeKateina N lavov1, , Ter ia Beck 2 , J G er 1,3 , Petr Pyszko 1 rand Svetlana G erovDepartment of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho ten, 71000 Ostrava, Czech Republic; [email protected] (J.G.); [email protected] (P.P.) Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovsk o 40, 97401 BanskBystrica, Slovakia; [email protected] (T.B.); [email protected] (S.G.) Department of Biology and Basic Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia Correspondence: naplavova.katerina@gmailCitation: N lavov K.; Beck, T.; G er, J.; Pyszko, P.; G erov S. Synanthropic Procedure Evaluation (with Elements Affecting Propensity to Parasitism) and Host Range inside the Genus Ganoderma in Central Europe. Forests 2021, 12, 1437. 10.3390/fAbstract: Ganoderma P. Karst. is often a genus of wood decaying fungi with complicated taxonomy because of morphological variability of their basidiomata. While a wide range of host plants is assumed for the genus as a whole, there is a need to have for revision in the host specificity of individual species. Based on revision of mycological collections across the Czech Republic we analyzed the ecological trends of six European species, which includes host preferences and propensity to parasitism. Individual Ganoderma species have been sampled differentially along vegetation categories, with G. adspersum (Schulzer) Donk prevailing in habitats with high anthropogenic components and G. applanatum (Pers.) Pat. in organic vegetation with restricted anthropogenic influence, differing also in average altitude of sampling. The number of host species of individual Ganoderma spp. didn’t attain an asymptote, suggesting an open host plasticity and great potential for finding new host associations in future. Incredibly distinct host compositions have been discovered for person Ganoderma species, at the genus level, with G. applanatum being the least host precise. Individual Ganoderma species differ also in their tendency to parasitic life method. The proportion of parasites increases with decreasing vegetation category and it truly is for that reason greater in urban than all-natural environment, particularly on hardwood trees. Keyword phrases: fungal pathogens; host specificity; forest trees; vegetation categories; wood-decayAcademic Editors: Teresa Lino-Neto, Paula Baptista and Cate Macinnis-Ng Received: 13 September 2021 Accepted: 19 October 2021 Published: 21 October1. Introduction The genus Ganoderma P.