D thick ice. While these Chlortetracycline custom synthesis observations of one particular day per year
D thick ice. Even though these observations of 1 day per year for seven years can’t represent the all round continuous spatiotemporal variations of lead fraction, this common spatial pattern agrees with that of previous lead studies [5,18,19,39]. Figure 5b portrays the averaged area of individual leads for the 25 km track segment, and Figure 5c portrays the ratio on the Propiconazole Protocol variety of lead-included pictures to the total number of images for the 25 km segment. The lead fraction (Figure 5a) was determined by the individual lead area (Figure 5b) plus the frequency of leads (Figure 5c). By way of example, while huge leads have been observed in 2013 for 000 km (Figure 5b), lead frequency for this portion was low (Figure 5c) as a consequence of the small number of significant leads. Consequently, the averaged lead fraction for this segment was not higher due to the fact from the low lead frequency. In addition, the lead frequency in 2018 for 1000500 km was somewhat high, but the averaged lead fraction was not so higher because of the huge number of small leads.Remote Sens. 2021, 13,for the total quantity of images for the 25 km segment. The lead fraction (Figure 5a) was determined by the person lead location (Figure 5b) and the frequency of leads (Figure 5c). By way of example, although substantial leads have been observed in 2013 for 000 km (Figure 5b), lead frequency for this component was low (Figure 5c) due to the small variety of big leads. As a result, the averaged lead fraction for this segment was not higher because on the low lead frequency. In addi11 of 18 tion, the lead frequency in 2018 for 1000500 km was reasonably higher, however the averaged lead fraction was not so higher because of the massive quantity of smaller leads.Figure 5. (a) Averaged lead fraction for just about every 25 km; (b) averaged region of person leads for every 25 km; (c) frequency Figure five. (a) Averaged lead fraction for just about every 25 km; (b) averaged location of person leads for every 25 km; (c) frequency of lead-included pictures for each 25 km. Gray parts indicate missing/invalid data. of lead-included images for every 25 km. Gray parts indicate missing/invalid information.four.two.2. Retrieval of Freeboard 4.2.2. Retrieval of Freeboard Depending on the DMS lead detection result, we calculated the 400 m imply sea ice freeboard Depending on the DMS lead detection result, we calculated the 400 m mean sea ice freeboard fromthe ATM surface height information (Figure 6). The MYI area (close to centralcentralOcean) at track in the ATM surface height data (Figure 6). The MYI area (close to Arctic Arctic Ocean) at track 1200 km showed greater a larger (i.e., thicker ice) when compared with that of to FYI distance distance 1200 kmashowedfreeboard freeboard (i.e., thicker ice) comparedthe that in the FYI area (near the Beaufort Sea with a track distance beyond 1200 km). As shown in Table 7, the FYI area generally showed a lower freeboard than the MYI region. Additionally, the freeboard retrieved from our lead detection shows a superb correlation with all the ATM freeboard product supplied by NSIDC [32]–correlation coefficient (R) was 0.832, and root imply square distinction (RMSD) was 0.105 m (Table eight). It’s also noted that 2015, 2016, and 2017 showed fairly reduced R and larger root imply square error (RMSE) than the other years (Table eight and Figure 7), which might be because of the decrease classification accuracy of those years (Table 6). Some misclassified leads could make substantial variations in estimation of sea surface height, eventually major towards the variations amongst our freeboard estimation along with the NSIDC freeboard solution.