Personal that the Sun is a dynamic and complicated physique, releasing energy on all wavelength intervals of the electromagnetic spectrum [1]. Solar activity has an essential impact on space climate, space navigation, and highfrequency radio communications [2]. Research based on longterm solar activity assists reveal the physical connections in the solarterrestrial space environment plus the dynamic course of action operating within the solar interior [3,4]. Sunspots would be the earliest observed solar activity, that are essentially the most important observational functions around the photosphere [5]. The greatest observation of solar activity is represented by the time series of sunspot number (SN) [6,7]. A high probability of a strong solar storm is related to high values in the SN index [8]. Extreme worth theory (EVT) is actually a branch of statistics, which delivers approaches for the analysis and estimation of probabilities of Bromfenac Epigenetic Reader Domain predicting uncommon events [9]. In recent years, as a unique and significant tool, the intense worth theory (EVT) has been applied in different science fields and got some marvel findings. EVT has been used on climate modify [103], economics [14], engineering [15], and astrophysics [168]. One example is, Ref. Siscoe (1976) [19] employed the EVT to analyze the biggest SN per solar cycle (SC) plus the result supported the argument for any modify in SC statistics throughout the Maunder minimum. Ref. Asensio (2007) [20] applied the extreme events in the SC to investigate the laws of intense alter and the outcomes indicated that the SC 19 was by far the most probable time of maximum value. Ref. Acero et al. (2017) [21] applied the EVT on the new version in the SN index at everyday, month-to-month, and yearly timescales, and also the benefits showed that the return levelAtmosphere 2021, 12, 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmoshttps://www.mdpi.com/journal/atmosphereAtmosphere 2021, 12,2 of(RL) was reaching a plateau. Additionally, they identified that the everyday SN values would hardly be greater than 550 inside the following 1100 years. Ref. Elvidge et al. (2018) [22] utilised EVT to decide the probability of solar flares of Carringtonlike, along with the benefits on the EVT had been consistent with flare data in the Kepler space telescope mission. The millennial years 10Be and 14C time series have been utilized to study the solar activity [23] as well as the solar radio of flux at the everyday scale were also utilized for the investigation on the extreme events law [24]. Ref. Really like (2020) [25] did some experiments on statistical models of intense values of magnetic superstorm intensities, along with the discrete samples of the disturbance storm time (Dst) information were found to be insufficient to provide usefully accurate estimates of a statistically theoretical upper bound for magnetic storm intensity. In these above operates, two traditional methods were typically utilized to study longterm solar Dodecyl gallate Autophagy indicators. The initial one would be the block maxima (BM) strategy [9,19], which has been utilized to focus on the generalized intense worth (GEV) distribution. A different one particular could be the peaksoverthreshold (POT) strategy [9], which has been utilised to focus on the generalized Pareto (GP) distribution. Within this paper, the daily SN data, which are in the Purple Mountain Observatory through the period of January 1954 to December 2011, are applied to study the intense events of the longterm solar activity as well as the RLs from the intense events. The structure of this paper is as follows. In Section two, the information and methods are introduced. In Section three, we shows the experimental evaluation benefits. Finally, Section four is about.