Onflict of interest. The funders had no part inside the design and style with the study; within the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; within the writing of the manuscript, or within the decision to publish the outcomes.Axioms 2021, ten,19 of
axiomsArticleImage Encryption and Decryption Program by means of a Hybrid Approach Employing the Jigsaw Transform and Langton’s Ant Applied to Retinal Fundus ImagesAndr RomeroArellano 1, , Ernesto MoyaAlbor 1, , , Jorge Brieva 1, , Ivan CruzAceves 2, , Juan Gabriel AvinaCervantes three, , Martha Alicia HernandezGonzalez four, and Luis Miguel LopezMontero four,Citation: RomeroArellano, A.; MoyaAlbor, E.; Brieva, J.; CruzAceves, I.; AvinaCervantes, J.G.; HernandezGonzalez, M.A.; LopezMontero, L.M. Image Encryption and Decryption Technique by way of a Hybrid Method Applying the Jigsaw Transform and Langton’s Ant Applied to Retinal Fundus Images. Axioms 2021, ten, 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ axioms10030215 Academic Editor: Javier Fernandez Received: 31 July 2021 Accepted: two September 2021 Published: 7 SeptemberFacultad de Ingenier , Universidad Panamericana, Augusto Rodin 498, Ciudad de M ico 03920, Mexico; [email protected] (A.R.A.); [email protected] (J.B.) CONACYTCentro de Investigaci en Matem icas (CIMAT), A.C., Jalisco S/N, Col. Valenciana, Guanajuato 36000, Mexico; [email protected] Division of Electronics Engineering, Engineering Division of Campus IrapuatoSalamanca, University of Guanajuato, Salamanca 36885, Mexico; [email protected] Unidad M ica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE), FIIN-1 Technical Information Hospital de Especialidades No. 1 Centro M ico Nacional del Baj , IMSS, Le 37320, Mexico; [email protected] (M.A.H.G.); [email protected] (L.M.L.M.) Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: 525554821600 (ext. 5210) These authors contributed equally to this work.Abstract: Within this work, a new health-related image encryption/decryption algorithm was proposed. It really is primarily based on three major parts: the Jigsaw transform, Langton’s ant, and also a novel technique to add deterministic noise. The Jigsaw transform was utilised to hide visual information and facts correctly, whereas Langton’s ant and also the deterministic noise algorithm give a reputable and secure method. As a case study, the proposal was applied to highresolution retinal fundus images, where a zero imply square error was obtained involving the original and decrypted image. The technique overall performance has been confirmed by means of many testing methods, including statistical evaluation (histograms and correlation distributions), entropy computation, keyspace assessment, robustness to differential attack, and key sensitivity evaluation, showing in each one particular a high security level. Also, the method was compared against other performs displaying a competitive functionality and highlighting having a massive keyspace (1 101,134,190.38 ). In addition to, the process has demonstrated sufficient handling of highresolution images, getting entropy values in between 7.999988 and 7.999989, an typical Quantity of Pixel Alter Price (NPCR) of 99.5796 0.000674, in addition to a mean Uniform Typical Transform Intensity (UACI) of 33.4469 0.00229. Additionally, when there is a smaller change inside the crucial, the method doesn’t give Cryptophycin 1 Protocol further information to decrypt the image. Search phrases: medical image; image encryption and decryption; Jigsaw transform; Langton’s ant; deterministic noise; retinal fundus imagesPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.1. Introduction Presently, digital health-related images for instance Xray radiography,.