Onflict of interest. The funders had no function inside the style on the study; inside the collection, analyses, or interpretation of information; within the writing with the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the outcomes.Axioms 2021, ten,19 of
axiomsArticleImage PKI-179 References encryption and Decryption System by means of a Hybrid Approach Employing the Jigsaw Transform and Langton’s Ant Applied to Retinal Fundus ImagesAndr RomeroArellano 1, , Ernesto MoyaAlbor 1, , , Jorge Pramipexole dihydrochloride web Brieva 1, , Ivan CruzAceves 2, , Juan Gabriel AvinaCervantes 3, , Martha Alicia HernandezGonzalez four, and Luis Miguel LopezMontero 4,Citation: RomeroArellano, A.; MoyaAlbor, E.; Brieva, J.; CruzAceves, I.; AvinaCervantes, J.G.; HernandezGonzalez, M.A.; LopezMontero, L.M. Image Encryption and Decryption Program by means of a Hybrid Strategy Employing the Jigsaw Transform and Langton’s Ant Applied to Retinal Fundus Images. Axioms 2021, ten, 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ axioms10030215 Academic Editor: Javier Fernandez Received: 31 July 2021 Accepted: two September 2021 Published: 7 SeptemberFacultad de Ingenier , Universidad Panamericana, Augusto Rodin 498, Ciudad de M ico 03920, Mexico; [email protected] (A.R.A.); [email protected] (J.B.) CONACYTCentro de Investigaci en Matem icas (CIMAT), A.C., Jalisco S/N, Col. Valenciana, Guanajuato 36000, Mexico; [email protected] Department of Electronics Engineering, Engineering Division of Campus IrapuatoSalamanca, University of Guanajuato, Salamanca 36885, Mexico; [email protected] Unidad M ica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE), Hospital de Especialidades No. 1 Centro M ico Nacional del Baj , IMSS, Le 37320, Mexico; [email protected] (M.A.H.G.); [email protected] (L.M.L.M.) Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: 525554821600 (ext. 5210) These authors contributed equally to this operate.Abstract: In this function, a brand new health-related image encryption/decryption algorithm was proposed. It is actually based on 3 principal parts: the Jigsaw transform, Langton’s ant, and a novel technique to add deterministic noise. The Jigsaw transform was made use of to hide visual info efficiently, whereas Langton’s ant and the deterministic noise algorithm give a reputable and safe strategy. As a case study, the proposal was applied to highresolution retinal fundus pictures, exactly where a zero mean square error was obtained among the original and decrypted image. The system performance has been verified by means of quite a few testing approaches, for instance statistical evaluation (histograms and correlation distributions), entropy computation, keyspace assessment, robustness to differential attack, and key sensitivity evaluation, showing in each one particular a higher safety level. Moreover, the strategy was compared against other performs showing a competitive efficiency and highlighting using a huge keyspace (1 101,134,190.38 ). In addition to, the method has demonstrated adequate handling of highresolution pictures, getting entropy values in between 7.999988 and 7.999989, an typical Number of Pixel Adjust Price (NPCR) of 99.5796 0.000674, and also a imply Uniform Typical Transform Intensity (UACI) of 33.4469 0.00229. Also, when there is a small alter in the important, the approach will not give more info to decrypt the image. Key phrases: healthcare image; image encryption and decryption; Jigsaw transform; Langton’s ant; deterministic noise; retinal fundus imagesPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.1. Introduction Currently, digital healthcare images including Xray radiography,.