S from the Salvia genus.It shows close phylogenetic relationships with other Asian and Mediterranean species within the Salvia genus, such as S.roborowskii and S.glutinosa .S.miltiorrhiza has been Correspondence [email protected] Institute of Medicinal Plant Improvement, Chinese Academy of Health-related Sciences Peking Union Healthcare College, No Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing , Chinawidely and effectively utilised in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for hundred of years to treat a lot of ailments, such as coronary heart diseases, dysmenorrheal, amenorrhoea, and inflammatory diseases .The key bioactive elements of S.miltiorrhiza may be divided into two groups.The first group is abietane typediterpene quinine pigments, known as tanshinones, that are lipophilic and consist of greater than thirty compounds .The second group is hydrophilic phenolic acids, including rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A, salvianolic PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21502544 acid B, lithospermic acid, and numerous other chemical compounds .Biosynthesis of most important bioactive components in S.miltiorrhiza demands the coordination of a series of key enzymes .The expression of genes encoding these essential enzymes is regulated by several transcription components, of which MYBs seem to play important roles .Identification and characterization of MYB Li and Lu; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.This can be an Open Access report distributed beneath the terms of the Inventive Commons Attribution License (creativecommons.orglicensesby), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, supplied the original operate is appropriately credited.Li and Lu BMC Genomics , www.biomedcentral.comPage ofgenes in S.miltiorrhiza is quite critical in understanding the regulatory mechanism of bioactive component biosynthesis.Due to the fact MYBs are also important regulators in plant development and plant responses to many biotic and abiotic stresses, elucidation of MYBassociated regulatory networks may possibly greatly assistance in enhancing the development and defense abilities of S.miltiorrhiza by way of genetic engineering approaches.MYB proteins, characterized by the MYB domain, have already been extensively identified in many organisms, such as animals, fungi and plants.The MYB domain of MYB proteins is deeply conserved and consists of up to four imperfect repeats (R) of about amino acids .Many vertebrates contain 3 MYB genes, known as cMYB, AMYB and BMYB .The repeats in cMYB proteins are known as R, R and R.Repeats from other proteins are named primarily based on their similarity to R, R or R of cMYB proteins .In plants, MYB could be the largest transcription issue family members and may be classified into four subfamilies based on the quantity of adjacent imperfect repeats .It incorporates RRRRMYBs (RMYBs), RRRMYBs (RMYBs), RRMYBs and MYBs using a single or partial MYB repeat (RMYB or MYBrelated), of which RRMYB will be the largest subfamily of plant MYBs .The amount of RRMYB genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus trichocarpa and Oryza sativa is , , and , respectively .RRMYB proteins include two repeats equivalent to R and R of cMYB proteins and have been Food Yellow 3 MSDS proposed to be evolved from a RMYB gene ancestor by the loss of R .In addition to the MYB domain, other much less conserved motifs have been also identified in RRMYB proteins.Based on the similarity of these motifs or phylogenetic relationships of MYB amino acids, RRMYBs may be divided into subgroups.For instance, the significant Arabidopsis RRMYB subfamily has been divided into subgroups in line with the motifs .Having said that, based on phylogenetic relationships, the quantity.