Rewards have been noted by our sample, providing improved weight for the findings of both small-scale studies. Furthermore, the negative consequences of AEDs as reported by Jones et al. integrated difficulty sleeping, worse hangovers than when consuming alcohol with out power drinks, aggression, violence, heart palpitations, blackouts, vomiting and twitching [8]. Apart from violence and blackouts, we identified related harms connected with AED use, which demonstrates that people in distinct cities (our study was based inside the massive metropolitan city of Melbourne and Jones et al.’s study was performed in the regional town of Wollongong), and with diverse demographic backgrounds (our sample was older and only two had been students), are experiencing related types of harm from AED use. Our study showed that wakefulness was regarded the principal advantage of AEDs, and difficulty sleeping was the primary concern. Interestingly, some AED customers consume AEDs to feel less drunk (significantly less drowsy and inebriated) and other people use AEDs to facilitate drunkenness (by means of the quicker paced consumption of `bombs’). People who are using AED to really feel significantly less drunk, may be applying power drinks within the very same way that some illicit stimulant users combine alcohol and stimulants to feel in more control once they are drinking [9,40]. Also, whilst only two illicit stimulant users were interviewed within this study, they each used AEDs in higher amounts than the remainder with the sample, indicating that, perhaps unsurprisingly, illicit stimulant users are most likely to have preference for other forms of stimulants [9]. While participants reported many negative consequences associated with AED use, the rewards have been noted to outweigh the harms at this point in their lives, a time after they are actively pursuing leisure and pleasure in the course of their weekends and are prepared to devote a Sunday feeling hungover or unwell. It is actually expected that as these young people move into extra conventional adult roles for instance beginning a family, their use of AEDs is probably to decline, related to the way that young illicit stimulant customers cut down their use following they cease nightclubbing [14]. However, additional research is required to examine the trajectory of AED use across the life course.Implications for policyIn Australia, there’s currently no info contained on power drinks stating that they should not be mixed with alcohol. 1 option here will be to legislate that details about protected consumption practices should be mandatory on labels of pre-packaged or ready-todrink AEDs, alongside current mandatory info that specifies the amount of normal drinks per container and that alcohol should not be consumed when pregnant. Additionally, as has been advised inside a quantity of other nations, including Canada and Ireland, energy drinks could contain data on their packaging highlighting that there may very well be harms linked with mixing energy drinks with alcohol, or that caution PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21258395 must be K 01-162 exercised if mixing with alcohol [7,41]. Given the emphasis that consumers placed on brand identification and responsiveness to discounted AEDs, we advocate restrictions around the promotions and marketing and advertising of AEDs and the sale of discounted AEDs. Such restrictions could be built into existing advertising and promoting suggestions across various jurisdictions, which could involve bans around the provision of totally free drinks, restrictions on `happy hours’ and discounted drinks to minimise the risk of rapid, excessive or irresponsible.