increased the number of EPCs in patients with heart failure compared with healthy controls. Atorvastatin therapy increased the migration and adhesion of EPCs in patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease. Nevertheless, the pharmacologic mechanisms of actions of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on EPC neovasculogenesis await further study. In this study, we explored the mechanisms of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on EPC-mediated neovascularization by in vitro and in vivo analyses. Furthermore, we analyzed the mechanism of how statins affect the abilities of EPCs. Male ICR mice were purchased from BioLASCO Taiwan Co., Ltd.. Male eGFP transgenic mice were a kind gift from Dr. Shinn-Chih Wu. All animals were treated according to protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. The experimental procedures and animal care conformed to the ��Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals�� published by the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Mice were fed a chow diet. Forty-five male ICR mice and five male eGFP transgenic mice were used, and the animals were divided into nine groups. Group 1 was the na?ve control group; group 2 ML281 received a hindlimb ischemia operation at week 1; group 3 received a hindlimb ischemia operation at week 1 and oral administration of 2 mg/kg BW/day atorvastatin throughout the 209783-80-2 customer reviews experiment ; group 4 received a hindlimb ischemia operation and oral gavage of 8 mg/kg BW/day atorvastatin once per day throughout the experiment ; group 5 received a hindlimb ischemia operation and oral gavage of 2 mg/kg BW/day rosuvastatin once per day throughout the experiment ; group 6 received a hindlimb ischemia operation and oral gavage of 4 mg/kg BW/day rosuvastatin once per day throughout the experiment ; group 7 received a hindlimb ischemia operation and received an injection of bone marrow cells at week 1; group 8 received bone marrow cells injection at week 1, and received a hindlimb ischemia operation at week 6, as well as oral gavage of 2 mg/kg BW/day rosuvastatin once per day after ischemic surgery throughout the experiment; group 9 received an injection of bone marrow cells at w