In order to indirectly evaluate the involvement of 3,6-Dichlorotrimellitic acid Y-27632 on cell proliferation during the wound healing in vitro. An effect of the medium could be observed on the relative ECD in the control and treated group. Cells incubated in High Medium had a superior Relative ECD in control and treated group compared with cells incubated in Low Medium of respectively 26.4% and 29.6%. Y-27632 treatment decreased the Relative ECD of 17.9% in Low Medium and of 14.2% in High medium compared to controls. These results demonstrated that ROCK inhibitor promotes corneal endothelial wound healing in vitro by inducing cell LOR-253 distributor motility and not cell proliferation. Loss of visual acuity, following corneal endothelial dysfunction, is one of the major indications for corneal transplantation. Corneal grafts are retrieved and evaluated by eye bank before to be use in clinics and the main criteria for clinical eligibility of cornea is the ECD. It is representative of the functional capacity of the endothelium and a minimal density of 2000 cells/mm2 is required for corneal transplantation. Due to the incapacity of HCEC to proliferate ex vivo, loss of HCEC during OC is the main reason for corneal rejection by tissue banks. This ECD decrease seems to be principally due to apoptosis during storage process. Due to the shortage of donor corneas available for transplantation, several groups tried to limit this ECD decrease, either by restraining the cell loss or by inducing proliferation of the endothelial cell layer. Using animal models either in vivo or in vitro, Kinoshita and colleagues have evaluated the role of ROCK inhibitor in CEC. They have shown that treatment of cynomolgus monkey cultivated CEC with selective ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 inhibited apoptosis and promotes proliferation. These data suggest that ROCK inhibitor is able to modulate apoptosis and proliferation of monkey corneal endothelial cells in vitro. If this is also true in human, this inhibitor could be a potential pharmacological compound in order to optimize eye banking system. As one of the main goals of eye bank is to avoid the decrease of ECD during storage, addition of ROCK inhibitor could allow limiting the cell loss by its antiapoptotic activity and/or increasing ECD by enhancement of cell proliferation. In the presen