Since GPCRs are readily targetable sites for small molecules, as evidenced by their role as drug targets in humans, characterization of GPCRs and related signaling molecules in ES cells may facilitate developing new approaches to ES cell differentiation

sub-lethal concentration of Cry1Ca toxin. Then we measured APN activity levels in Xen-R with and without exposure to Cry1Ca toxin. In agreement with the constitutive midgut activation hypothesis, non-exposed Xen-R…